![]() Balthazar Ayala has been described as "the first prominent jurist to condemn the use of assassination in foreign policy". Modern history Shown in the presidential booth of Ford's Theatre, from left to right, are assassin John Wilkes Booth, Abraham Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, Clara Harris and Henry Rathbone.ĭuring the 16th and 17th centuries, international lawyers began to voice condemnation of assassinations of leaders. With the Renaissance, tyrannicide-or assassination for personal or political reasons-became more common again in Western Europe. ![]() Strangling in the bathtub was the most commonly used method. In the Middle Ages, regicide was rare in Western Europe, but it was a recurring theme in the Eastern Roman Empire. ![]() The earliest were the sicarii in 6 AD, who predated the Middle Eastern Assassins and Japanese shinobis by centuries. Whilst many assassinations were performed by individuals or small groups, there were also specialized units who used a collective group of people to perform more than one assassination. The practice was also well known in ancient China, as in Jing Ke's failed assassination of Qin king Ying Zheng in 227 BC. Three successive Rashidun caliphs ( Umar, Uthman Ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib) were assassinated in early civil conflicts between Muslims. ![]() Emperors of Rome often met their end in this way, as did many of the Muslim Shia Imams hundreds of years later. Some famous assassination victims are Philip II of Macedon (336 BC), the father of Alexander the Great, and Roman dictator Julius Caesar (44 BC). His student Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya Empire, later made use of assassinations against some of his enemies. 350–283 BC) wrote about assassinations in detail in his political treatise Arthashastra. In the Old Testament, King Joash of Judah was assassinated by his own servants Joab assassinated Absalom, King David's son and King Sennacherib of Assyria was assassinated by his own sons. The Art of War, a 5th-century BC Chinese military treatise mentions tactics of Assassination and its merits. Between 550 BC and 330 BC, seven Persian kings of Achaemenid Dynasty were murdered. The Egyptian pharaoh Teti is thought to be the earliest known victim of assassination. It dates back at least as far as recorded history. Main article: History of assassination Ancient to medieval times Īssassination is one of the oldest tools of power politics. The earliest known use of the verb "to assassinate" in printed English was by Matthew Sutcliffe in A Briefe Replie to a Certaine Odious and Slanderous Libel, Lately Published by a Seditious Jesuite, a pamphlet printed in 1600, five years before it was used in Macbeth by William Shakespeare (1605). Īlthough it is commonly believed that Assassins were under the influence of hashish during their killings or during their indoctrination, there is debate as to whether these claims have merit, with many Eastern writers and an increasing number of Western academics coming to believe that drug-taking was not the key feature behind the name. The group killed members of the Abbasid, Seljuk, Fatimid, and Christian Crusader elite for political and religious reasons. It referred to a group of Nizari Ismailis known as the Order of Assassins who worked against various political targets.įounded by Hassan-i Sabbah, the Assassins were active in the Near East from the 8th to the 14th centuries, and later expanded into a de facto state by acquiring or building many scattered strongholds. " Īssassin is often believed to derive from the word hashshashin ( Arabic: حشّاشين, romanized: ħashshāshīyīn), and shares its etymological roots with hashish ( / h æ ˈ ʃ iː ʃ/ or / ˈ h æ ʃ iː ʃ/ from حشيش ḥashīsh). The word assassin may be derived from the Arabic asasiyyin (أَسَاسِيِّين, ʾasāsiyyīn) from أَسَاس ( ʾasās, "foundation, basis") + ـِيّ (-iyy), meaning "people who are faithful to the foundation. Oswald himself was murdered two days later by Jack Ruby, the first such event to receive wide television coverage. Mugshot of Lee Harvey Oswald, the individual responsible for the assassination of United States President John F. A drawing of the assassination by an unknown author. Main article: Hashshashin Nikolay Bobrikov, the Russian Governor-General of Finland, assassinated by Eugen Schauman on June 16, 1904, in Helsinki. JSTOR ( July 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message). ![]() Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. ![]()
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